This session brings together multidisciplinary approaches for the design, characterization, and application of advanced materials addressing both structural and surface-related challenges. Topics include the fracture toughness mechanisms in next-generation ceramic systems, where micro- and nano-scale testing clarify the role of microstructure in governing crack propagation and reliability. Complementing this, innovative protective coatings for metals are discussed, with a focus on sustainable formulations designed to enhance long-term resistance against environmental degradation. The session also explores functional materials for energy and industrial applications, such as tribological coatings with optimized performance, catalysts for high-temperature reactions, and nanostructured additives for lubrication and electrochemical devices. By bridging structural, protective, and functional perspectives, the session highlights the pivotal role of materials innovation in enabling durable, efficient, and sustainable technologies.